FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions


Technical Questions

  1. How MUAN capture images to generate an animation file?

    MUAN can capture images from a connected camera using firewire or video4linux (s-video or composite connection). In these cases, you must have the specific hardwares for each connection. In the first case, IEEE1394/Firewire serial bus are required (more details like camera compatibility list can be found in http://www.linux1394.org. To work with s-video or composite connection you need have a video capture card (details on http://www.exploits.org/V4L/).
  2. How can I install MUAN?

    You can install MUAN using the binary distribution with rpm. The avaiable rpm file was created to be installed on Linux Fedora. There are others linux distributions but we didn't develop install packages for these environments. In this case, do the installation compiling the source code also availablel.

About usage…

  1. How do I configure the default value of frame duration?

    Open the Preferences Dialog, set the desired value in the field Default Duration and then click Save. At this moment the change takes effect.
  2. Openning the Preferences Dialog

    On Muan_OS main window, select the menu System - Preferences.
    On Muan_AE main window use the Preferences button.
  3. Where is the Auto Save File (Backup File)?

    On installation, the Auto Save File is "/tmp/MUAN_auto_save.avi". The name and path of Auto Save File are configured in the Preferences Dialog, but this file exists only if the Auto Save Flag is true in this same dialog.

  4. How to recover an animation file through the backup file?

    Click on menu File - Load (or Load Button), select the backup file and then save a copy of the animation.
  5. I have finished my daily production, what do I do now?

    Before putting away your equipment, don’t forget to save your animation in a removable media, like a CD, DVD or Pen Drive. The Pen Drive is the most recommended, but it’s the one that can cause the most technical problems to the process. We must take into account that Linux won’t always be able to recognize a Pen Drive plugged into a USB receptacle, so we recommend the use of a CD for smaller productions, and a DVD for bigger productions. Most of the Linux distributions already come with a recording program inside the operational system. In order to record into a CD or DVD, all you need to do is insert the media, find the folder where the daily animations have been recorded, select what will be recorded into the CD and drag it into the blank CD window, which opens up when you insert a blank media. This window is named CD/DVD Creator in the upper bar. After this procedure, just enter into “File” and click “Write to Disc”. Choose the options such as the disc name and the writing velocity and record your CD!       

  6. How do I create an animation cycle?

    There is no “official” way of creating an animation cycle in MUAN, but by improvising we can achieve the same result. To do this, we must record the first part of the cycle, the part that will be repeated several times. For example, a clay character waving his hand from one side to the other. It is necessary to record the whole movement, with the arm going from the initial to the intermediate position and then back to the initial position. After this movement is produced, save the animation with a temporary name, like temp01.avi. After this animation is saved, place the cursor in the last recorded frame and click on Carregar/ Load, then point to the saved file. By loading it, you will be including the frames of this film after the last frame of the present film. That is why, if besides the cycle movement, you have previously recorded some other movement, when you load the file with the temporary name, you will be importing to your present animation all of the frames recorded in this temporary file.
  7. How do I import a photo sequence so that MUAN transforms them into a video?

    First of all, you must put the photos in order by their file names. The photos don’t have to be numbered in order. The MUAN accepts broken orders, for example, 01.jpg, 02.jpg, 05.jpg, 09.jpg. But it is import that they be in an increasing and linear order. Most digital photographic cameras number the photos automatically, and this can really help. One suggestion is separating the different scenes in separate folders. This is helpful when it comes to importing, because MUAN imports the folder where the photos can be found. After you import the folder from a scene, check if the duration of the frames is adequate and make the necessary adjustments. Save the animation with a different name, like scene03.avi.
  8. What’s the use of that initial frame? Can I delete it or change it?

    The initial frame serves as an internal reference that Anima Mundi used during the development of MUAN. To change the image that is used as the initial frame, go to Popriedades/ Properties and point to the .RAS file which is to be used. ATTENTION, the file must be in the RAS format, since other formats are not accepted. In Linux there is an Open Source program called GIMP which converts other file formats into RAS. Remember that MUAN’s screen size is 720x480 and the used image format must follow this resolution. In case you don’t want this initial frame, remember to erase it before saving the finalized file.

About problems…

  1. Camera connected but no image appears on the image area or image window...

    Check:
    • if camera is connected;

    • if camera is turned on;

    • if camera connection is according to the type configured in the Preferences Dialog;
  2. Changes on Preferences Dialog are not taking effect...

    Verify if the login you are using has permission to write the file /usr/local/share/muan/pref.ini. When you save new preferences this file is overwrited.
  3. MUAN crashed, what do I do?

    In case MUAN stops answering and displays a message saying that the camera seems to be turned off, save your animation the way it is, whether it is finished or not. Once you’ve done this, load the same animation, which you have just saved, and check that it is ok and that everything has been successfully saved. If you do this, the program will load the animation together with the one that is already open. So you will have two copies of the animation in your memory. This is just a safety procedure, your animation is saved NORMALLY. Once you’ve checked the saved animation, try to find out what has possibly caused the problem, which can be: camera turned off, Firewire cable out of contact, Firewire board out of contact. In case all of these options are ok, restart Linux, but only AFTER you have checked if the current animation is saved. It is possible that the computer crashes before you are able to turn it off. In case this happens, turn it off by pushing the button that turns the laptop on, hold it for 10 seconds and turn it back on after 15 seconds. In case the computer crashes before you are able to save your animation, when you turn the laptop back on, look for the autosave file and, if necessary, record the missing frames again.

Artistic Questions

  1. What kind lighting should I use on the film set?

    Preferably artificial and non-cold lighting, in a room without the interference of any other light sources, including the sun. This lighting should preferably be indirect, not pointing directly to the film set. I case this isn’t a possibility, use cold light, and keep the film set in a place where sunlight doesn’t get in. Sunlight may vary in intensity and clouds can cover it, decreasing the amount of light that is projected. These variations are dangerous in an animation film, because we capture the photos in different moments and with undetermined time intervals. A photo that is well illuminated in one moment, is dark and different from its preceding frame on the other.
  2. When should I vary the quantity of frames shot per photo?

    By default, every time MUAN captures a photo, it repeats it twice. It shows the photo that was shot during 3 frames, or “shoots for 3”. This means that for each second of animation, we will have 10 photos shot by MUAN (thus completing 30 frames per second, which is the pattern rate for video). So if my intention, during the planning of a movement, is that it last 2 seconds, I have to make 20 different poses in my character. This kind of image capture, where each photo lasts 3 frames, is mostly used in pixilation or when there are movements which are slower, smaller, that have a smaller distance between one position and another. Some animators vary the frame duration during animation. 2 frames per photo is the standard commonly used in 2D and clay animation (15 drawings or poses per second). Faster movements require a smaller frame duration per photo shot. MUAN permits us to change the duration after the production of the animation, which can be really helpful. Ideally, the movement should be planned in accordance with the duration of each capture.

  3. How do I work with audio?

    MUAN is a software for capturing IMAGES. To include audio in your animation produced in MUAN, you will need a post-production program. There is a free editing software for Linux called CINELERRA. To work with dialogues in animation, it is necessary to record the dialogues before the animation and do a decoupage of this audio, writing down how long each recorded line lasts, in order to plan the movement by the characters. For example, if I have a character that walks into a room and says: “Hello, good morning everyone”, and this recorded line lasts for 1 second, I will have to record 30 frames so that there is a synchronism between sound and image. If MUAN is configured so that each captured photo has a duration of 3 frames, I will have to move my character 10 times to get these 30 frames. In case this isn’t possible and the animation is already finished, try to make the audio recording while watching what was recorded in MUAN so that you have an understanding of the time that was applied in the dialogues and try to record the dubbing in a synchronized manner with the animation.

  4. How do I capture a flight animation in pixilation?

    The flight animation in pixilation is captured through the principle that the photo is only shot while the person is on midair, in the middle of a jump. In this manner, when the animation is played, we will only see the photos shot with the person in midair, causing the impression that she is flying. In order to capture a photo in the exact moment one must have a lot of attention and coordination. Make a test before shooting the scene so you get used to the exact time of pressing the button and making the photo. Do not use the mouse to press the CAPTURAR/ CAPTURE button, but the shortcut in the “/” key which is located above “Enter” and below “Backspace”. Guide yourself through the screen and not the person. There may be a delay in relation to what is being shown on the screen and what is happening live. When you feel confident enough to start the animation, remember to, after each capture, check if it is valid. In case the capture is not good, erase it and capture again. IMPORTANT. When you erase the last frame, MUAN automatically goes back to the first frame. Beware of this detail, because if you continue capturing frames after you erase the last one, MUAN will place them BEFORE the ones captured in the beginning.
Anima Escola